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Unani Medicine
Unani Medicine:
Unani medicine may be one of the oldest systems of medicine still in continuous. Although Unani medicine is practiced today mostly in South Asia, it has roots in ancient Greece and can be traced back to Hippocrates. Because the practice of Unani medicine involves meticulous record-keeping, there is a great deal of recorded information preserved in books about this practice. In Arabic, Hindi and Persian, “Unani” means “Greek.” Some studies have found that countries where Unani medicine is used have the lowest cancer rates in the world.
Unani medicine in India
Unani medicine was first practiced in India in the 12th or 13th century and bears many similarities to Ayurveda. There are currently forty colleges in India that teach Unani medicine.
Unani medicine principles
Unani medicine is based on the principle that the body attempts to maintain homeostasis by automatically correcting any imbalances. When this system fails, according to Unani medicine, a derangement occurs in the bodily “humours” – blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. A change in what Unani medicine calls the “humours” will eventually affect some of the body’s organs and tissues, which will begin to demonstrate pathology, leading to illness.
Diagnosis in Unani medicine
Most ailments are considered by Unani medicine to stem from an overabundance of one of the humours, and a preliminary diagnosis may be made by observing the patient’s personality type—for example, a person under high stress who reacts with anger and irritability is thought to have an excess of yellow bile.
The four humours in Unani medicine are thought to produce the following personality symptoms:
Yellow bile: Anger, irritability, tension, stress, hyperactivity
Black bile: Depression, melancholy, weeping, lack of focus
Blood: Cheerfulness, relaxation, optimism, hope
Phlegm: Exhaustion, slowness of thought and body, sleepiness
Unani medicine also takes body temperature into account. The body is thought to operate most efficiently at 98.6 degrees F. The actual temperature range for human life is between 95 and 105 degrees; core body temperatures outside that range are unlikely to sustain life. That means, according to Unani medicine, that there are only ten degrees in the range of healthy human body temperatures. A Unani medicine practitioner would say that a person whose body temperature is 97.6 degrees is therefore operating at a full 10 percent less than optimal capacity.
The Unani medicine practitioner carefully examines the patient’s urine and stools, because these eliminations reveal a great deal about the diet and the balance of bodily humours.
Unani medicine treatment: diet
Treating illness with Unani medicine involves eliminating the cause of the disruption; rebalancing the humours; and finally, healing the organs involved. Treatment may include diet therapy, regimental therapy, and pharmacotherapy. Surgery is also sometimes used.
The use of edible herbs and foods, accompanied by other changes in diet (diet therapy) is often thought of as the first medicinal choice by practitioners of Unani medicine. Foods in Unani medicine are considered either “heating” (such as chicken, grapes, and pistachio nuts) or “cooling” (beef, apples, and coffee.) Care is taken by the Unani medicine patient to have completed digestion for the day before sleeping, which means eating the last meal of the day several hours before bedtime.
The Standard American Diet (SAD), by Unani medicine terms, is made up primarily of “cold” foods: meat, potatoes, butter, refined sugar, etc. Unani medicine practitioners believe that eating mostly “cold” foods leads to an excess production of phlegm. Unani medicine sees the symptoms of excess phlegm as migraine headache, arthritis, respiratory problems, menstrual cramps, and constipation—all of which are rampant in the US among people eating the SAD diet. What Unani medicine considers the “heating” foods that might counter-balance this diet—lamb, eggplant, hummus, nuts, honey, cinnamon—are rarely incorporated into the American diet in sufficient quantities and are notably absent in “fast foods.”
Unani medicine treatment: regimen
A program of specified activity, including exercise and meditation, is known in Unani medicine as “regimental therapy.” Unani medicine therapies may include cupping (the application of heated glass cups to areas of the skin which create a suction thought to draw out toxins); sweating in heated saunas; and bathing to assist the skin in detoxification.
In Unani medicine cupping, heated cups are applied to specific areas of the body to draw toxins from areas considered by Unani medicine to be related. Cups may be applied to the lower legs to promote healthy menstruation, for example. In general, Unani medicine uses cupping to draw inflammation from deep areas of the body to the surface and divert inflammation from vital organs, as well as promoting circulation and relieving pain.
Unani medicine treatment: medications
Prescription medications made of natural substances are referred to Unani medicine as “pharmacotherapy.” More than 98,000 specific Unani medicine formulations are used. Most Unani medicine pharmaceuticals are administered as a whole plant rather than a distillation or extraction of the plant’s “active” ingredient. Unani medicine practitioners believe the active ingredient should be allowed to remain with other natural elements of the plant to help counteract possible side effects.
Unani medicine pharmacotherapy is not generally given with the aim of eliminating a troubling symptom or alleviating a specific organ problem; instead, these medications are given to rebalance the body, relying on the body’s wisdom to eliminate pathologies on its own if given the proper environment. Many Unani medicine drugs act to stimulate and support the patient’s immune system so that system can function at an optimal level.
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